SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Business reference model</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Business reference model</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

<p><b>Business reference model</b> (<b>BRM</b>) is a <a href="Reference_model" title="Reference model">reference model</a>, concentrating on the functional and organizational aspects of the <a href="Core_business" title="Core business">core business</a> of an <a href="Business" title="Business">enterprise</a>, <a href="Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service organization</a> or <a href="Government_agency" title="Government agency">government agency</a>.

</p><p>In <a href="Enterprise_engineering" title="Enterprise engineering">enterprise engineering</a> a business reference model is part of an <a href="Enterprise_Architecture_Framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise Architecture Framework">Enterprise Architecture Framework</a> or <i>Architecture Framework</i>. An Enterprise Architecture Framework defines in a series of reference models, how to organize the structure and <a href="View_model" title="View model">views</a> associated with an <a href="Enterprise_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise Architecture">Enterprise Architecture</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>A <a href="Reference_model" title="Reference model">reference model</a> in general is a model of something that embodies the basic goal or idea of something and can then be looked at as a reference for various purposes. A business reference model is a means to describe the business operations of an organization, independent of the <a href="Organizational_structure" title="Organizational structure">organizational structure</a> that perform them. Other types of business reference model can also depict the relationship between the <a href="Business_process" title="Business process">business processes</a>, business functions, and the <a href="Business_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Business area">business area</a>’s business reference model. These reference model can be constructed in layers, and offer a foundation for the analysis of service components, technology, data, and performance.

</p><p>The most familiar business reference model is the "Business Reference Model", one of five reference models of the <a href="Federal_Enterprise_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Enterprise Architecture">Federal Enterprise Architecture</a> of the US Federal Government. That model is a <a href="Function_model" title="Function model">function-driven</a> framework for describing the business operations of the Federal Government independent of the agencies that perform them. The Business Reference Model provides an organized, hierarchical construct for describing the day-to-day business operations of the Federal government. While many models exist for describing organizations - <a href="Organizational_chart" title="Organizational chart">organizational charts</a>, location maps, etc. - this model presents the business using a functionally driven approach.<sup id="cite_ref-WH05_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH05-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>One of the first business reference models ever defined was the "IMPPACT Business Reference Model" around 1990, which was the result of a research project in the <a href="Computer_Integrated_Manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer Integrated Manufacturing">Computer Integrated Manufacturing</a> (CIM) field of the <a href="European_Strategic_Program_on_Research_in_Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="European Strategic Program on Research in Information Technology">ESPRIT1 programme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gielingh et al. (1933) described:

</p>

<blockquote><p>The IMPPACT Business Reference Model is expressed in the generic language constructs provided by <a href="IDEF0" title="IDEF0">IDEF0</a>... It describes the requirements for CIM seen from a business point of view. Views modelled are manufacturing activities, real and information flow objects resource objects (information and material processing components) and organisational aspects (departments and their relations to activities and resources). The complete manufacturing system (including the production system and its management) is modelled by the IMPPACT Business Reference Model. Management covers both the planning of the production and the planning and control of this production.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>The term IMPPACT stood for Integrated Manufacturing of Products and Processes using Advanced Computer Technologies Furthermore, in its framework were incorporated <a href="CIMOSA" title="CIMOSA">CIMOSA</a> as reference model,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="NIAM" class="mw-redirect" title="NIAM">NIAM</a> for information modelling,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the data modeling language <a href="EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">EXPRESS</a> for information structure implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the 1990s, business reference models were hardly an item. An exception was a 1991 book about <a href="IT_management" class="mw-redirect" title="IT management">IT management</a>, which mentioned that the <a href="Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a> management had developed a business reference model 10 years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1996 manual of the <a href="SAP_R/3" title="SAP R/3">SAP R/3</a> enterprise resource planning software stipulated the existence on the business reference model of the R/3 System.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the 1990s there was a significant development of reference models in related fields, which, resulted in the developments of <a href="Integrated_business_planning" title="Integrated business planning">Integrated business planning</a>, the <a href="Open_System_Environment_Reference_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open System Environment Reference Model">Open System Environment Reference Model</a>, the <a href="Workflow_Reference_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Workflow Reference Model">Workflow Reference Model</a>, <a href="TOGAF" class="mw-redirect" title="TOGAF">TOGAF</a> and the <a href="Zachman_Framework" title="Zachman Framework">Zachman Framework</a>.

</p><p>In the new millennium business reference models started emerging in several fields from <a href="Network_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Network management system">network management systems</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="E-business" class="mw-redirect" title="E-business">E-business</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MA00_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MA00-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the US Federal government. The US Federal government published its "Business Reference Model", Version 1.0 in February 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Related developments in this decade were the development of the <a href="Treasury_Enterprise_Architecture_Framework" title="Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework">Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework</a>, and the <a href="OASIS_SOA_Reference_Model" title="OASIS SOA Reference Model">OASIS SOA Reference Model</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_models">Specific models</h2></div>

<p>The US Federal Government has defined a <a href="Federal_Enterprise_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Enterprise Architecture">Federal Enterprise Architecture</a> structures of the five FEA reference models:<sup id="cite_ref-WH05_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH05-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Performance_Reference_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance Reference Model">Performance Reference Model</a> (PRM)</li>

<li><i>Business Reference Model</i> (BRM)</li>

<li><a href="Service_Component_Reference_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Service Component Reference Model">Service Component Reference Model</a> (SRM)</li>

<li><a href="Technical_Reference_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Reference Model">Technical Reference Model</a> (TRM)</li>

<li><a href="Data_Reference_Model" title="Data Reference Model">Data Reference Model</a> (DRM)</li></ul>

<p>The Federal Government Business Reference Model (FA BRM) provides an organized, hierarchical construct for describing the day-to-day business operations of the Federal government. While many models exist for describing organizations - org charts, location maps, etc. - this model presents the business using a functionally driven approach. The Lines of Business and Sub-functions that comprise the BRM represent a departure from previous models of the Federal government that use antiquated, stovepiped, agency-oriented frameworks. The BRM is the first layer of the Federal Enterprise Architecture and it is the main viewpoint for the analysis of data, service components and technology.<sup id="cite_ref-WH05_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH05-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Business_model" title="Business model">Business model</a></li>

<li><a href="Business_process_modeling" title="Business process modeling">Business process modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Enterprise_Architecture_framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise Architecture framework">Enterprise Architecture framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Enterprise_modelling" title="Enterprise modelling">Enterprise modelling</a></li>

<li><a href="Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Organizational architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_consulting" title="Outline of consulting">Outline of consulting</a></li>

<li><a href="View_model" title="View model">View model</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2">

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FEA (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/pdf/rm-profile.pdf">FEA Records Management Profile, Version 1.0</a>. December 15, 2005.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-WH05-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WH05_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WH05_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WH05_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/omb/egov/documents/CRM.PDF">FEA Consolidated Reference Model Document</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705040628/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/omb/egov/documents/CRM.PDF#">Archived</a> 2010-07-05 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. May 2005.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. F. Gielingh A. K. Suhm (Eds.) <i>IMPPACT. Reference Model. An Approach to Integrated Product and. Process Modelling for Discrete Parts Manufacturing.</i> 1991, Preface.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wim F. Gielingh, Alexander K. Suhm, Michael Böhms (1993). <i>IMPPACT Reference Model.</i> Springer <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>3540561501</bdi> p.37.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gielingh & Suhm (1991, p. 10)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gielingh & Suhm (1991, p. 15)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gielingh & Suhm (1991, p. 31)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerard H. Gaynor (1991). <i>Achieving the Competitive Edge Through Integrated Technology Management</i>. p. 259.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rüdiger Buck-Emden, Jurgen Galimow, SAP AG. (1996). <i>SAP R/3 System: A Client/server Technology</i> Addison-Wesley.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joan Serrat, Alex Galis (2003). <i>Deploying and Managing IP Over WDM Networks</i>. pp. 89-121.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-MA00-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MA00_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel A. Menascé, Virgilio A. F. Almeida (2000). <i>Scaling for E-business: Technologies, Models, Performance, and Capacity Planning.</i> Prentice Hall. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0130863289</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federal Enterprise Architecture Program Management Office (2002). <i>The Business Reference Model, Version 1.0</i>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">US DOI (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doi.gov/ocio/architecture/mbt/step3.htm">Analyze the Business and Define the Target Business Environment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916121546/http://www.doi.gov/ocio/architecture/mbt/step3.htm">Archived</a> September 16, 2008, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sept 2007.</span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Business_reference_models" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Business reference models">Business reference models</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li>Peter Fettke, Peter Loos (2006). <i>Reference Modeling for Business Systems Analysis</i>. Idea Group Inc (IGI). <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-59904-054-9</bdi></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-20" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Business_reference_model&oldid=1301527159">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>